final

• The final keyword is used to prevent inheritance or overriding.

class A final {};

class B: public a {}; // Error

class Base{
    public :
    virtual void show() final{}
}

class Derived : public Base{
    public:
    void show() override{} // Error
}

• A constructor cannot be marked final because:

  • It is not virtual.
  • It cannot be overridden.
  • It does not participate in polymorphism.

• A destructor can be marked final because:

  • It can be overridden.
  • It participates in polymorphism.